Where is Diamond found?
Carbon
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Open the appDiamond occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Diamond
Botswana
World's leading producer by value, with major mines like Orapa, Jwaneng, and Damtshaa, primarily from kimberlite pipes.
Russia
Largest producer by volume, particularly in Siberia (Yakutia), with significant kimberlite pipe deposits such as Mir and Udachnaya.
Canada
Significant producer from kimberlite pipes in the Northwest Territories (e.g., Ekati, Diavik, Gahcho Kué) and Nunavut.
Australia
Historically a major producer, especially of fancy pink and red diamonds from the Argyle mine (now closed), primarily from lamproite pipes. Also produces industrial diamonds.
South Africa
Historically the first major source of diamonds, with famous mines like Kimberley (Big Hole) and Cullinan (Premier Mine), primarily from kimberlite pipes.
Angola
Significant producer from both kimberlite pipes and extensive alluvial deposits.
Collecting tips
- Primary Deposits (Kimberlite/Lamproite Pipes). Diamonds are found within these igneous rocks. Prospecting involves identifying these specific rock types, often through geophysical surveys and indicator mineral sampling (e.g., pyrope garnet, ilmenite, chromite).
- Secondary Deposits (Alluvial/Placer). Diamonds, being dense and resistant to weathering, accumulate in riverbeds, ancient river channels, and coastal areas. Look for gravels and conglomerates in areas downstream from known or suspected primary sources. Panning and sluicing are common recovery methods.
- Indicator Minerals. Geologists often search for 'indicator minerals' that are commonly found alongside diamonds in kimberlite and lamproite, such as distinctive varieties of garnet (pyrope), ilmenite, chromite, and clinopyroxene. These minerals are more abundant and easier to find than diamonds themselves.
- Safety Precautions. Diamond prospecting, especially in primary deposits, often involves large-scale mining operations that are not accessible to the public. Alluvial prospecting may occur in remote or environmentally sensitive areas. Always obtain necessary permits and adhere to local regulations. Be aware of potential hazards in mining environments.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Colorless to yellow/brown, but can be any color.
- Luster:
- Adamantine (brilliant, glassy).
- Streak:
- Colorless (as it is pure carbon and harder than the streak plate).
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