Where is Diamond found?
Diamond
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Open the appDiamond occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Diamond
Russia (Siberia)
Dominant producer, particularly from the Mir and Udachny kimberlite pipes. Significant alluvial deposits also exist.
Botswana
Major producer of high-quality gem diamonds from kimberlite pipes such as Orapa, Jwaneng, and Letlhakane.
Democratic Republic of Congo
Significant producer, primarily of industrial-grade diamonds, from both primary and extensive alluvial deposits.
Australia
Historically known for the Argyle mine (now closed), which was a major source of pink and brown diamonds from a lamproite pipe. Other smaller deposits exist.
Canada
Relatively new but significant producer from kimberlite pipes in the Northwest Territories (e.g., Ekati, Diavik, Gahcho Kué).
South Africa
Historical source of many famous diamonds, with numerous kimberlite pipes (e.g., Kimberley, Cullinan) and extensive alluvial deposits.
Angola
Growing producer from both kimberlite and alluvial sources.
Collecting tips
- Primary Deposits (Kimberlite/Lamproite Pipes). Diamonds are found within the host rock (kimberlite or lamproite). Prospecting involves identifying these specific igneous rock types, often characterized by their distinctive mineralogy (e.g., indicator minerals like pyrope garnet, ilmenite, chromite, olivine, clinopyroxene). Geophysical surveys (magnetic, electromagnetic) are used to locate these pipes, which often have a circular or oval shape.
- Secondary Deposits (Alluvial/Placer). Diamonds are eroded from primary sources and transported by rivers, concentrating in riverbeds, ancient river terraces, and coastal areas. Prospecting involves sampling gravels and sediments in these environments, often using techniques like panning, sluicing, or heavy mineral separation. Look for areas with known diamondiferous kimberlites upstream.
- Indicator Minerals. When prospecting for diamonds, geologists often look for 'indicator minerals' that are commonly found alongside diamonds in kimberlite and lamproite. These include distinctive red pyrope garnets, black chromite, dark green chrome diopside, and black ilmenite. These minerals are more abundant and easier to find than diamonds themselves.
- Safety Precautions. Diamond prospecting, especially in remote or active mining areas, can be dangerous. Be aware of local regulations, obtain necessary permits, and prioritize personal safety. Some diamond-bearing regions may have political instability or dangerous wildlife. Always work with experienced professionals in known diamondiferous areas. No specific chemical hazards are associated with rough diamonds themselves, but the host rocks (kimberlite/lamproite) can contain other minerals, and mining operations involve heavy machinery and potential for rockfalls.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Variable (colorless, yellow, brown most common)
- Luster:
- Adamantine to greasy
- Streak:
- Colorless (as it is pure carbon and harder than the streak plate)
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