Where is Limonite/Goethite found?
Hydrous iron oxides (e.g., FeO(OH)·nH2O)
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Open the appLimonite/Goethite occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Limonite/Goethite
Mesabi Range, Minnesota, USA
Historically a major source of iron ore, including limonite and goethite, derived from the weathering of taconite.
Krivoy Rog, Ukraine
Significant iron ore deposits, including goethite, associated with banded iron formations.
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Vast iron ore deposits, including goethite, often found in lateritic profiles.
Pilbara region, Western Australia
World-class iron ore deposits, with goethite being a significant component in some weathered zones.
Bog Iron Deposits (worldwide)
Found in wetlands, bogs, and swamps where iron-rich groundwater precipitates hydrous iron oxides.
Collecting tips
- Look for Rusty Stains. Limonite/goethite often manifests as rusty-colored stains or coatings on other rocks, particularly in areas with iron-rich groundwater or weathered iron-bearing minerals.
- Check Weathered Zones. Explore the oxidized caps (gossans) of sulfide ore deposits or areas where iron-rich rocks have undergone significant weathering. Limonite is a common product in these environments.
- Investigate Wetlands and Bogs. Bog iron deposits can be found in marshy areas where iron precipitates from water, forming concretions or layers near the surface.
- Perform a Streak Test. The characteristic yellowish-brown to brownish-yellow streak is a key diagnostic feature for limonite/goethite, distinguishing it from other iron oxides like hematite (red streak) or magnetite (black streak).
- Observe Physical Forms. Look for botryoidal, mammillary, or stalactitic forms, which are common habits for these minerals.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Yellowish-brown to dark brown
- Luster:
- Dull, earthy, submetallic
- Streak:
- Yellowish-brown to brownish-yellow
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