Where is Iron Ore found?
Iron Ore (likely Limonite or Goethite)
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Open the appIron Ore occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Iron Ore
Mesabi Range, Minnesota, USA
Historically a major source of iron ore, including taconite (a low-grade iron formation) which, after processing, yields iron concentrates. Limonite and Goethite are found in weathered zones.
Krivoy Rog, Ukraine
One of the world's largest iron ore basins, containing significant deposits of various iron ores, including hydrated forms.
Carajás Mine, Pará, Brazil
Known for its high-grade hematite, but also contains significant amounts of hydrated iron oxides in weathered profiles.
Pilbara Region, Western Australia
A globally significant iron ore province, primarily hematite, but Goethite and Limonite are present as weathering products and in some ore bodies.
Bog Iron Deposits (various locations worldwide)
Formed in wetlands and bogs where iron-rich groundwater precipitates hydrated iron oxides. Common in temperate and boreal regions.
Collecting tips
- Look for Rusty Stains. Limonite and Goethite often manifest as rusty-brown stains or coatings on other rocks, indicating the presence of iron oxidation.
- Check Weathered Zones. Explore the oxidized caps (gossans) of sulfide ore deposits or areas where iron-rich rocks have undergone significant weathering.
- Investigate Bogs and Wetlands. Bog iron deposits can be found in marshy areas where iron has precipitated from groundwater, forming concretions or layers.
- Examine Sedimentary Rocks. Limonite and Goethite can act as cementing agents in sandstones and conglomerates, or form concretions within shales and mudstones.
- Perform a Streak Test. A characteristic yellowish-brown to brownish-yellow streak is a key diagnostic feature for Limonite/Goethite, distinguishing it from other iron oxides like hematite (red streak) or magnetite (black streak).
Quick Check
- Color:
- Yellowish-brown to dark brown
- Luster:
- Dull, earthy, submetallic
- Streak:
- Yellowish-brown to brownish-yellow
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