Where is Pyrite found?
Iron sulfide (FeS2)
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Open the appPyrite occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Pyrite
Navajún, La Rioja, Spain
Famous for producing some of the world's finest cubic pyrite crystals, often perfectly formed and embedded in marl.
Elba Island, Italy
Known for well-formed pyrite crystals, often associated with hematite.
Peruvian Andes, Peru
Numerous localities produce excellent pyrite specimens, including large, complex crystals.
Various coal-bearing regions worldwide
Commonly found as concretions and disseminated grains in coal seams and associated shales (e.g., Appalachian Basin, USA; Ruhr Basin, Germany).
Hydrothermal ore deposits globally
A ubiquitous sulfide mineral in many types of ore deposits, including porphyry copper deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, and mesothermal gold deposits.
Collecting tips
- Look for Metallic Luster. Pyrite's bright, brassy metallic luster is a key identifier. It will stand out against duller rock matrices.
- Check for Crystal Forms. Well-formed cubic, octahedral, or pyritohedral crystals are highly characteristic. Look for striations on cubic faces.
- Perform a Streak Test. A greenish-black to brownish-black streak is diagnostic and differentiates it from gold (yellow streak) and chalcopyrite (greenish-black streak).
- Consider Hardness. Pyrite is harder than gold (Mohs 2.5-3) and chalcopyrite (Mohs 3.5-4). It will scratch glass and cannot be scratched by a fingernail or copper penny.
- Examine Associated Minerals. Pyrite often occurs with other sulfide minerals (e.g., galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite) and quartz in hydrothermal veins, or with organic matter in sedimentary rocks.
- Safety Precautions. When collecting pyrite, especially from old mine workings or areas with acid mine drainage, be aware that it can react with oxygen and water to produce sulfuric acid. Avoid inhaling dust. Wash hands after handling. Do not ingest. Pyrite can also contain trace amounts of arsenic, which is toxic. Handle with gloves if concerned about prolonged exposure or if processing samples.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Brassy yellow
- Luster:
- Metallic
- Streak:
- Greenish-black to brownish-black
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