Where is Fossiliferous Limestone found?
Limestone with Rugose Coral and other fossil fragments
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Open the appFossiliferous Limestone occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Fossiliferous Limestone
North America
Extensive deposits are found in the Appalachian Basin (e.g., Silurian and Devonian limestones), the Midcontinent region (e.g., Mississippian and Pennsylvanian limestones), and the Western Interior Seaway deposits (e.g., Cretaceous limestones). Notable localities include the Falls of the Ohio State Park (Devonian, Indiana/Kentucky) for abundant rugose corals and the Niagara Escarpment (Silurian, New York/Ontario).
Europe
Significant occurrences in the United Kingdom (e.g., Carboniferous Limestone of the Pennines), France (e.g., Jurassic limestones), Germany (e.g., Devonian limestones), and Italy (e.g., Mesozoic limestones of the Dolomites).
Asia
Widespread in China (e.g., Paleozoic and Mesozoic carbonate platforms), India (e.g., Cenozoic limestones), and Southeast Asia.
Australia
Found in various Paleozoic and Mesozoic basins, particularly in Western Australia and Queensland.
Collecting tips
- Look for Outcrops. Fossiliferous limestones are often exposed in road cuts, quarries, stream beds, and coastal cliffs. Look for layers of rock with visible shell fragments, coral structures, or other organic remains.
- Acid Test. Limestone reacts vigorously with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing effervescence (fizzing) due to the release of carbon dioxide. This is a definitive test for carbonate rocks. Always use caution with acids.
- Examine Fossil Content. Carefully inspect the rock surface for the characteristic shapes of rugose corals (horn-shaped or colonial forms with septa), crinoid stems (disk-like segments), brachiopod shells (bivalve, often ribbed), and other identifiable fossils. A hand lens or magnifying glass is very useful.
- Geological Maps. Consult local geological maps to identify areas known for limestone formations, particularly those of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age, which are often rich in fossils.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Light gray to tan, often with visible darker fossil fragments.
- Luster:
- Dull to earthy.
- Streak:
- White.
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