Where is Olivine found?
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
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Open the appOlivine occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Olivine
San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona, USA
World-renowned locality for gem-quality peridot (olivine) found in basaltic lava flows and volcanic bombs.
Zabargad Island (St. John's Island), Red Sea, Egypt
Historical source of large, fine-quality peridot crystals, often found in peridotite xenoliths within basalt.
Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, USA
Olivine is a common phenocryst in Hawaiian basalts, and small crystals can be found in volcanic sands (e.g., Papakolea Green Sand Beach).
Norway
Significant industrial deposits of olivine, particularly for refractory uses, found in large dunite bodies.
Pakistan
Produces high-quality peridot, often from peridotite xenoliths in volcanic rocks.
Collecting tips
- Look in Volcanic Rocks. Search for olivine in basaltic lava flows, volcanic bombs, and tuffs, especially in areas with recent volcanic activity. It often appears as small, green, glassy grains.
- Examine Ultramafic Intrusions. Explore outcrops of peridotite, dunite, and gabbro. Olivine is a primary constituent of these rocks and can form large, granular masses.
- Check for Mantle Xenoliths. In some volcanic areas, look for xenoliths (rock fragments) of mantle material brought to the surface by magma. These often contain abundant olivine.
- Observe Color and Luster. The characteristic olive-green color and vitreous to greasy luster are key identifiers. Fresh surfaces are best for observation.
- Consider Associated Minerals. Olivine is commonly found with pyroxenes (augite), plagioclase feldspar, and magnetite in mafic rocks. In ultramafic rocks, it may be associated with chromite and serpentine.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Olive-green to yellowish-green
- Luster:
- Vitreous to greasy
- Streak:
- White
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