Where is Nephrite Jade found?
Nephrite (a variety of actinolite or tremolite)
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Open the appNephrite Jade occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Nephrite Jade
Xinjiang, China
Historically significant source, particularly for white ('mutton fat') and spinach green nephrite from the Kunlun Mountains (Hotan region). Found in both primary deposits and alluvial placers.
British Columbia, Canada
World's largest producer of nephrite jade, primarily from large primary deposits in serpentinite bodies in the Cassiar Mountains and Fraser River region. Colors range from light to dark green.
South Island, New Zealand
Known as 'pounamu' by the Māori, found in river boulders and primary deposits in serpentinite and altered mafic rocks, particularly in the West Coast region. Highly prized for its cultural significance and diverse green hues.
Siberia, Russia
Significant deposits, especially in the Sayan Mountains and Lake Baikal region, producing high-quality green and sometimes black nephrite.
Wyoming, USA
Historically important source of green and black nephrite, particularly in the Lander area. Found in association with serpentinite.
Taiwan
Produces a distinctive dark green to black nephrite, often with magnetite inclusions, from the Fengtien area.
Australia
Deposits found in various locations, including South Australia (Cowell) and New South Wales, yielding green nephrite.
Collecting tips
- Geological Context. Focus searches in areas known for serpentinized ultramafic rocks, ophiolite complexes, or contact metamorphic zones involving magnesium-rich rocks. Riverbeds draining such areas are also good prospects for alluvial boulders.
- Hardness Test (Caution). Nephrite has a Mohs hardness of 6-6.5. It will scratch glass (5.5) but can be scratched by quartz (7). This helps differentiate it from softer look-alikes like serpentine. However, this test can damage the specimen.
- Specific Gravity Test. Nephrite has a specific gravity of 2.90-3.03. This can be a useful diagnostic tool, especially for distinguishing it from lighter serpentine (2.5-2.6) or heavier jadeite (3.3-3.5).
- Toughness. Nephrite is exceptionally tough, meaning it resists breaking or chipping. This is a key characteristic, though difficult to test without specialized equipment or risking damage.
- Appearance and Luster. Look for the characteristic greasy to waxy luster on unpolished surfaces and the smooth, cool feel. Colors are typically muted greens, whites, or greys, often with a slightly translucent quality on thin edges.
- Field Identification. In the field, nephrite often occurs as dense, compact masses within or adjacent to serpentinite bodies. It may have a rind of weathered material. Look for areas where erosion has exposed these metamorphic rocks.
Quick Check
- Color:
- White, cream, various shades of green, grey, yellow, brown, black
- Luster:
- Greasy to waxy (unpolished), vitreous to sub-vitreous (polished)
- Streak:
- White
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