Where is Iron-rich Sandstone found?
Sedimentary rock, likely quartz sandstone with iron oxide cement
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Open the appIron-rich Sandstone occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Iron-rich Sandstone
Colorado Plateau, USA
Extensive formations like the Navajo Sandstone and Entrada Sandstone exhibit significant iron-rich layers, contributing to the iconic red rock landscapes.
Western Australia
Parts of the Hamersley Basin contain ancient iron-rich sandstones and banded iron formations, though the sandstones are distinct from the BIFs.
United Kingdom
Various Mesozoic and Cenozoic sandstones, such as the Old Red Sandstone (Devonian, though often more arkosic) and some Jurassic sandstones, can be iron-rich.
Brazil
Regions with extensive lateritic weathering can produce iron-rich sediments and subsequently, iron-rich sandstones.
India
Numerous sedimentary basins contain iron-rich sandstones, particularly in areas with ancient continental red bed sequences.
Collecting tips
- Look for Red Beds. Iron-rich sandstones are often components of 'red bed' sequences, which are sedimentary rock units characterized by their reddish coloration due to oxidized iron minerals. These are common in continental depositional environments.
- Examine Outcrops in Arid/Semi-Arid Regions. Many prominent iron-rich sandstone formations are found in arid or semi-arid regions, where oxidizing conditions are prevalent, leading to the formation of hematite.
- Check for Sedimentary Structures. Look for characteristic sedimentary structures like cross-bedding, ripple marks, and bedding planes, which are common in sandstones and can help confirm its sedimentary origin.
- Assess Hardness and Density. Well-cemented iron-rich sandstones can be quite hard and dense compared to poorly cemented sandstones. Test with a rock hammer if appropriate and safe.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Red, reddish-brown, orange, yellow, brown
- Luster:
- Dull to earthy
- Streak:
- Reddish-brown (for hematitic cement) or yellowish-brown (for goethitic/limonitic cement) on an unglazed porcelain plate. The quartz grains themselves will not leave a streak.
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