Where is Turquoise with Matrix found?
Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) in host rock
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Open the appTurquoise with Matrix occurs in specific geological environments. Knowing where to look, and in what kind of rock, is the difference between going home empty-handed and finding a great specimen.
Where to find Turquoise with Matrix
Southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado)
Historically significant and currently active turquoise mining regions, particularly famous for various matrix patterns (e.g., 'spiderweb' turquoise from Nevada).
Iran (Persia)
Nishapur district, renowned for its high-quality, often matrix-free, 'Persian blue' turquoise, but matrix material also occurs.
China (Hubei province)
Significant producer of turquoise, including material with distinct matrix patterns.
Egypt (Sinai Peninsula)
Ancient mining sites, producing turquoise often with a brownish matrix.
Mexico
Various deposits, often yielding turquoise with a dark matrix.
Collecting tips
- Geological Setting. Look for turquoise in arid or semi-arid regions, often in association with copper mineralization and altered igneous or sedimentary rocks. Outcrops may show greenish or bluish staining.
- Color and Luster. Identify the characteristic blue-green color and waxy luster of turquoise. The contrasting dark matrix will be evident.
- Hardness Test. Turquoise has a Mohs hardness of 5-6. It can scratch glass but can be scratched by a steel file. The matrix hardness will vary depending on its composition.
- Specific Gravity. Turquoise has a specific gravity of 2.6-2.9. This can help differentiate it from lighter imitations, though the matrix will influence the overall specific gravity of the composite material.
- Distinguishing from Imitations. Natural turquoise with matrix will show a genuine intergrowth of mineral and rock. Imitations (e.g., dyed howlite or magnesite, plastic) often have unnaturally uniform color, lack the granular texture of natural matrix, or show dye concentration in cracks.
Quick Check
- Color:
- Blue to green with dark brown/black/reddish matrix.
- Luster:
- Waxy to subvitreous (turquoise), dull to earthy (matrix).
- Streak:
- White to pale bluish-green (turquoise), variable for matrix.
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